Atopic Dermatitis and Ultraviolet Light Therapy: An Effective Treatment Option

Atopic dermatitis, commonly known as eczema, is a chronic skin condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Characterized by red, itchy, and inflamed skin, atopic dermatitis can significantly impact the quality of life. While there are various treatment options available, one that has gained attention for its effectiveness is ultraviolet (UV) light therapy. In this article, we’ll explore what ultraviolet light therapy is, how it works, and how it compares to other treatments for atopic dermatitis.

What is Ultraviolet Light Therapy?

Ultraviolet light therapy, also known as phototherapy, is a medical treatment that involves exposing the skin to controlled amounts of UV light. There are different types of UV light used in this therapy, including:

1. UVA (Ultraviolet A): UVA light has a longer wavelength and can penetrate deeper into the skin. It is often used in combination with a photosensitizing drug (a treatment known as PUVA) to enhance its effectiveness.

2. UVB (Ultraviolet B): UVB light has a shorter wavelength and affects the outer layer of the skin. It is the most commonly used type of UV light in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.

3. Narrowband UVB: A specific type of UVB therapy that uses a narrow range of UVB wavelengths. This form is considered more effective and has fewer side effects compared to broadband UVB.

How Does Ultraviolet Light Therapy Work?

Ultraviolet light therapy works by influencing the immune system and the cells in the skin. Here’s how it helps manage atopic dermatitis:

1. Reduction of Inflammation: UV light therapy reduces inflammation by affecting the immune cells in the skin. Specifically, it decreases the activity of T-cells, which are involved in the inflammatory response that characterizes atopic dermatitis. By reducing these immune responses, UV therapy can decrease redness, itching, and swelling.

2. Slowing Skin Cell Production: In atopic dermatitis, skin cells may reproduce too quickly, leading to thickened, scaly patches. UV light therapy slows down the production of these skin cells, helping to normalize the skin’s appearance.

3. Increasing Vitamin D Production: Exposure to UVB light increases the production of vitamin D in the skin. Vitamin D plays a role in regulating the immune system and may help in reducing the severity of atopic dermatitis.

4. Antibacterial Effects: UV light also has mild antibacterial properties, which can help reduce the growth of harmful bacteria on the skin, such as Staphylococcus aureus. This is particularly beneficial since people with atopic dermatitis are more prone to skin infections.

Effectiveness of Ultraviolet Light Therapy

Ultraviolet light therapy has been shown to be an effective treatment for atopic dermatitis, particularly in cases where other treatments have failed. Here’s how it compares to other therapies:

1. Compared to Topical Treatments: Topical treatments, such as corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors, are often the first line of treatment for atopic dermatitis. While effective for many, some patients may not respond adequately to these treatments or may experience side effects with long-term use. UV light therapy offers an alternative, especially for those with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis.

2. Compared to Systemic Treatments: Systemic treatments, such as oral corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs, are used for severe cases of atopic dermatitis. These treatments can be highly effective but come with a risk of significant side effects, including immunosuppression and organ toxicity. UV light therapy, in contrast, is generally well-tolerated and has fewer systemic side effects, making it a safer option for long-term management.

3. Effectiveness of Narrowband UVB: Among the types of UV light therapy, narrowband UVB is particularly effective. Studies have shown that it can lead to significant improvement in atopic dermatitis symptoms, often with fewer side effects compared to other forms of UV light or systemic treatments. It is often preferred due to its safety profile and effectiveness.

4. Long-Term Management: While UV light therapy is effective, it is typically used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan. Patients often require maintenance therapy to keep symptoms under control. Additionally, because excessive UV exposure can increase the risk of skin cancer, therapy is usually done under strict medical supervision and is not a permanent solution.

Conclusion

Ultraviolet light therapy is a valuable treatment option for those with atopic dermatitis, especially when other therapies have not provided sufficient relief. It works by reducing inflammation, slowing skin cell production, and offering antibacterial benefits, all of which contribute to improved skin health. Compared to topical and systemic treatments, UV light therapy is often effective with a favorable safety profile, making it an important tool in the management of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis.

At Mellinos, we believe in empowering patients with knowledge about all available treatment options. If you’re considering UV light therapy, consult with a healthcare provider to determine if it’s the right choice for you and to ensure that it’s administered safely and effectively.

References

1. Levin, E. C., & Gupta, R. (2017). Phototherapy for Atopic Dermatitis: A Practical Approach. Dermatologic Clinics, 35(4), 465-478.

2. Abeck, D., & Platt, D. (2000). Photo(chemo)therapy of atopic dermatitis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 42(5), 761-764.

3. Gammon, W. R., & Meyer, L. J. (1986). Phototherapy for atopic dermatitis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 87(1), 46-49.

4. Furue, M., Tsuji, G., Chiba, T., Kadono, T., & Hasegawa, T. (2020). Ultraviolet light therapy for atopic dermatitis: A systematic review. Journal of Dermatological Science, 97(1), 62-68.

5. Pérez-Ferriols, A., & Lambelet, P. (2007). Phototherapy for atopic dermatitis. Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition), 98(9), 610-619.

Author Dr. Yesser Falk